School's and Psych Wards.

            Nurse Ratched runs the ward of Cuckoo's Nest like a well oiled machine. Her precision adminstration over the patients and various underlings working on her staff greatly resembles the way an administrator of a school controls their students. Being an administrator anywhere is ultimately about delegation, no one person can control a large group of people on their own with general success. Any leader of any body of people, whether it students, patients, inmates or soldeirs, needs lieutenant’s. Just as a high school principal would delegate to vice principals or teachers, Big Nurse delegates to other nurses,doctors, and her favored black boys. Big Nurse needs and employs the idea of delegation just as any school administrator does.
           School's and Psych Wards like Big Nurse's have employed the same psychological theories for conditoning patients and students to do certain things. They use the principals of Operant Conditioning. Operant Conditioning constitutes the ideas of Positive and Negative Reinforcement or Punishment. Where Positive is the addition of a positive stimulus, and Negative is the taking away of a stimulus. In schools, bad behavior is responded with Positive or Negative Punishment, Positive being the adding of suspensions, detentions and poor grades, Negative being the taking away of senior privileges or eligibility for sports. Similar situations arise in Nurse Ratched's ward, when someone acts up or is a bad influence on the other patients, they are positively punished i.e Ellis and the other chronics who were permantly damaged by various "techniques" for solving insanity.
          Also, a very similar characteristic found in Nurse Ratched's ward and the workings of a normal school administration is the rigidity of their respective schedules. Big Nirse holds each patrient to the strictest of rules regarding the simplest of things, such as brushing of teeth, and also controls the time spent in a certain room or when they are allowed to watch television. Similarily schools control the timing of classes, the use of electronic devices and even when we can eat. The ideas of control are reflected in the ways both administrations are run, albeit in differing measures.

Modern Medicine

      Medicine has made leaps and bounds from the backwards bloodletting, voodoo powder, witch doctor ways of centuries past. Even the various types medicine practiced during the industrial revolution and on, where doctors were nothing more than glorified surgeons, whose only purpose to hack off limbs willy nilly and pile them up till they reached the cieling of his tent. the true idea of modern medicine evolved directly from the accidental discovery of penicillan during  WWII. That is when medicine took a noticable turn in the direction of caring for the patient with actual conviction. Up until this point medicine had been mostly guestwork and hope. After the discovery of the first anti-biotic medicine became a hard science instead of a soft one.
        After Penicillan, modern medicine took shape in concrete research and serious methods of practicing medicine which showed results. Serious modern medicine entails scientific results and concrete findings for the betterment of the patient, and for those reasons modern medicine is seriously about helping the patient.